ABSTRACT
Objective·To study the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues on kidney function and kidney ultrastructure in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods·Twenty-eight SPF level male SD rats were randomly divided into control groups (normal control group and diabetic control group) and GLP-1 analogues Exenatide intervention groups (normal intervention group and diabetic intervention group).The effects of Exenatide intervention on glucose,lipid metabolism,kidney function and kidney ultrastructure were observed.Results·Fasting glucose,fasting insulin,insulin sensitivity index,insulin resistance index,lipid profile,24-hours microalbuminuria,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen of Exenatide intervention group were much better than those of corresponding control groups.Through electron microscopy,glomerular mesangial cell in diabetic control group proliferated,basement membrane thickened,while glomerular mesangial cell in diabetic intervention group did not proliferate,basement membrane mildly thickened.Conclusion·GLP-1 analogues can improve kidney function of diabetic rats.Maybe it is connected with improving kidney ultrastructure.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effects of Jiedu granules, a Chinese medicine (CM) compound, plus cinobufacini injection, which was extracted from skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor, to prevent the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgical resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this case-control trial, a total of 120 patients who stayed in Changhai Hospital were enrolled from December 2001 to December 2006. Sixty patients were treated with Jiedu granules plus cinobufacini injection to prevent tumor recurrence after operation (CM group) and 60 patients were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) after operation (TACE group). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined to evaluate the therapeutic effects of post-operative management of patients with HCC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PFS in the CM group was 18.07 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.49-23.65] and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year PFS rates were 61%, 39%, 26%, 22% and 12%, respectively. PFS in the TACE group was 8.03 months (95% CI: 6.63-9.44) and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year PFS rates were 34%, 11%, 7%, 2% and 0%, respectively. There was significant difference in survival rate between the two groups (P<0.01). The mean survival time (MST) of patients in the CM group was 49.53 months versus 39.90 months of the TACE group. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 82%, 80%, 70% and 63%, respectively, in the CM group, and 79%, 70%, 60%, 60% and 36%, respectively, in the TACE group. There was significant difference in survival time between the two groups (P=0.045).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Jiedu granules plus cinobufacini injection, a combination that is commonly used for post-operation management of HCC, can postpone tumor recurrence and metastasis, prolong the survival time and increase the survival rate of post-surgical patients with HCC. However, these findings need to be confirmed in a prospective, randomized controlled trial.</p>